Welcome to my world. It's a truism in anthropology that several of us can all visit someplace and get very different views. Studies of eyewitnesses show the same thing - sometimes varying in ways that make me scratch my head. We have various methods for accounting for this in our write-ups.
Simon and Chabris try a beginning explanation here:
You make an excellent point about why we want juries to be unanimous. You also go into the deeper motivations that each of us have, in making assessments.
Past experiences (e.g., sociocultural elements) play a huge role.
Some of us were raised in urban environments with lots of crime, and on the other end, we have the tourists from the hinterlands. I feel like I'm lost in NYC, which is part of the charm for a Los Angeleno. When I first started doing fieldwork outside the US, the hardest part is that my (supposedly broad) notions of human behavior failed to clue me in, to the little details that locals used to assess threat.
Of course, NYers often feel the same about L.A. If the 66 year old had never taken the train from Manhattan to where ever she's going, or had recently been assaulted, or had children who told her to NOT take the train and BE CAREFUL, her perceptions would be different (as opposed to people who took the train daily, were used to it - and weren't older, as an example). I don't think we can have our laws spin on the perspectives of an outlier (and that's why each state in our union has its version of the "reasonable person" standard, which I know you know about and I feel I'm belaboring.
I have been interviewing men for the past week, about this case, and have been surprised at what I'm hearing. All the men I interviewed are in higher ed, but so are the women I talked to - and there are very different perspectives.
I need to know how, and in what way, a ranting person on the subway is automatically a "threat." Where's the line? NY law uses the word "menace."
IMO.